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There are several ways of classifying cryptographic algorithms. Based on the number of keys that are employed for encryption and decryption and further defined by their application and use. The three types of algorithms are:.

• Compare Symmetric And Asymmetric Encryption
• Symmetric And Asymmetric Encryption
• Asymmetric Vs Symmetric

Private/Secret Key Cryptography (SKC )/ Conventional cryptography: Uses a single key for both encryption and decryption; also called symmetric encryption. Primarily used for privacy and confidentiality. Public Key Cryptography (PKC): Uses one key for encryption and another for decryption; also called asymmetric encryption. Primarily used for authentication, non-repudiation, and key exchange. Hash Functions: Uses a mathematical transformation to irreversibly 'encrypt' information, providing a digital fingerprint. Primarily used for message integrity.

RSAisn't really built to encrypt large pieces of plaintext. Each RSA'round' can encrypt 117 bytes of data, and to encrypt more, you'd have to use some chaining mode. The additional mechanisms performed by PGP ( compression and random key generation) rather than any difference in the performance of the encryption algorithms themselves. We also note that Diffie-Hellman marginly outperforms RSA, which is directly in contradiction with earlier findings where RSA was significantly faster. This second point might be the result of the initialisation phase of RSA being more costly and so on a very small amount of data (the randomly generated key), it becomes less efficient than Diffie-Hellman.PGP: Hybrid Crypto System (Symmetric & Asymmetric). PGP combines some of the best features of both conventional and public key cryptography.

PGP is a hybrid cryptosystem. PGP encryption or Pretty Good Privacy encryption, is a data encryption computer program that gives cryptographic privacy and authentication for online communication. It is often used to encrypt and decrypt texts, emails, and files to increase the security of emails. PGP encryption uses a mix of data compression, hashing, and public-key cryptography. It also uses symmetric and asymmetric keys to encrypt data that is transferred across networks. It combines features of private and public key cryptography.

SYMMETRIC KEY DISTRIBUTION USING ASYMMETRIC ENCRYPTION. Because of the inefficiency of public key cryptosystems, they are almost never used for the direct encryption of sizable block of data, but are limited to relatively small blocks. One of the most important uses of a public-key cryptosystem is to encrypt secret keys for distribution. PGP actually implements a solution such that symmetric encryption is used to encrypt data, and asymmetric encryption is used to encrypt the key. Since asymmetric encryption can't encrypt anything larger than its own key size. This bundle is commonly referred to as 'asymmetric encryption' even though it's a hybrid model. Hybrid encryption is achieved through data transfer using unique session keys along with symmetrical encryption. Public key encryption is implemented for random symmetric key encryption. The recipient then uses the public key encryption method to decrypt the symmetric key. Once the symmetric key is recovered, it is then used to decrypt the message.

Each step uses a different algorithm, and each public key is associated with a username and an email address. The encryption PGP offers is just as strong as that of AES, but it adds the additional security that prevents anyone with just the public key from being able to decrypt data that was previously encrypted with it. AES is fast and works best in closed systems and large databases; PGP should be used when sharing information across an open network, but it can be slower and works better for individual files.How PGP worksWhen a user encrypts plaintext with PGP, PGP first compresses the plaintext. Compression reduces these patterns in the plaintext, thereby greatly enhancing resistance to cryptanalysis. (Files that are too short to compress or which don't compress well aren't compressed.)PGP EncryptionPGP then creates a session key, which is a one-time-only secret key. This key is a random number generated from the random movements of your mouse and the keystrokes you type.

This session key works with a very secure, fast conventional encryption algorithm to encrypt the plaintext; the result is ciphertext. Once the data is encrypted, the session key is then encrypted to the recipient's public key.

This public key-encrypted session key is transmitted along with the ciphertext to the recipient. PGP (Pretty Good Privacy):. PGP encryption uses a serial combination of hashing, data compression, symmetric-key cryptography, and, finally,public-key cryptography to keep data secure; each step uses one of several supported algorithms. Each public key is bound to a user name and/or an e-mail address. This process can be used to encrypt text files, emails, data files, directories, and disk partitions. The Pretty Good Privacy software originally written by Phil Zimmermann, and now owned by Symantec.At first it was written as copyrighted freeware under the Gnu Public License. Later, PGP was upgraded and made into a propriety program.

The rights for this program are traded around. The reason for this upgrade was legal defense costs and royalty issues related to the export laws of the USA. PGP uses the RSA algorithm and the IDEA encryption algorithm. PGP does not use the DES as its conventional single-key algorithm to encrypt mess ages. Instead, PGP uses a different conventional single-key block encryption algorithm, called IDEA(tm). By default, PGP uses IDEA.OpenPGPThe formats for keys, encrypted messages and message signatures defined by PGP.

These have now been formalised as the OpenPGP standard, which is where GPG comes in.GPG (GNU Privacy Guard). The GPG software is an independent implementation of the OpenPGP standards.GPG is a re-write or upgrade of PGP.

It is royalty free because it is not patented. GPG is more compatible than the original PGP with OpenPGP.

Compare Symmetric And Asymmetric Encryption

It does not use the IDEA encryption algorithm. This is to make it completely free.It uses the NIST AES, Advanced Encryption Standard. The main reason for this change is that AES costs less than IDEA and is considered more secure. GPG uses CAST5 by default. For GnuPG 1.0 default is CAST5,for gnupg-1.4.23 is AES128, for GnuPG 2.0.14 it is 3DES, for GnuPG 2.1 it is AES-128.

The default for gnupg-2.1.18 is AES256. You can force GnuPG to use AES256 for encryption with root@sjena $ gpg -cipher-algo AES256.

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GPG was developed by Werner Koch and released in 1999 as an alternative to Symantec's software suite of encryption tools. Start the key generation processEnter the following command to start generating your key: root@sjena $ gpg –gen-keySelect the type of keyPlease select what kind of key you want:(1) RSA and RSA (default)(2) DSA and Elgamal(3) DSA (sign only)(4) RSA (sign only)Your selection? 1Select the key sizeRSA keys may be between 1024 and 4096 bits long.What keysize do you want? (2048) 4096Requested keysize is 4096 bitsSelect the expiration timePlease specify how long the key should be valid.0 = key does not expire = key expires in n daysw = key expires in n weeksm = key expires in n monthsy = key expires in n yearsKey is valid for? (0) 0Key does not expire at allIs this correct?

While communicating on an unsecured medium like the internet, you have to be careful about the confidentiality of the information you are sharing with other. The are two techniques use to preserve the confidentiality of your message, Symmetric and Asymmetric Encryption. The fundamental difference that distinguishes symmetric and asymmetric encryption is that symmetric encryption allows encryption and decryption of the message with the same key. On the other hand, asymmetric encryption uses the public key for the encryption, and a private key is used for decryption. To acknowledge some more differences between symmetric and asymmetric encryption have a look at the comparison chart shown below. Definition of Symmetric EncryptionSymmetric encryption is a technique which allows the use of only one key for performing both the encryption and the decryption of the message shared over the internet. It is also known as the conventional method used for encryption.

In symmetric encryption, the plaintext is encrypted and is converted to the ciphertext using a key and an encryption algorithm. While the cipher text is converted back to plain text using the same key that was used for encryption, and the decryption algorithm.Symmetric encryption algorithm executes faster and is less complex hence; they are used for bulk data transmission. In symmetric encryption, the host that are participating in the communication already have the secret key that is received through the external means. The sender of the message or information will use the key for encrypting the message, and the receiver will use the key for decrypting the message.

Symmetric And Asymmetric Encryption

The commonly used symmetric encryption algorithms are DES, 3 DES, AES, RC4. Definition of Asymmetric EncryptionAsymmetric encryption is an encryption technique that uses a pair of key (private key and public key) for encryption and decryption. Asymmetric encryption uses the public key for the encryption of the message and the private key for the decryption of the message. The public key is freely available to anyone who is interested in sending the message.

The private key is kept secret with the receiver of the message. Any message that is encrypted by the public key and the algorithm, is decrypted using the same the algorithm and the matching private key of corresponding public key.The asymmetric encryption algorithm execution is slow.

Asymmetric Vs Symmetric

As asymmetric encryption algorithm are complex in nature and have the high computational burden. Hence, the asymmetric encryption is used for securely exchanging the keys instead of the bulk data transmission. Asymmetric encryption is generally used for establishing a secure channel over the non-secure medium like the internet.

The most common asymmetric encryption algorithm are Diffie-Hellman and RSA algorithm. Key Differences Between Symmetric and Asymmetric Encryption. Symmetric encryption always uses a single key for encryption and decryption of the message. However, in asymmetric encryption, the sender uses the public key for the encryption and private key for decryption. The execution of asymmetric encryption algorithms is slower as compared to the symmetric encryption algorithm. This is because the asymmetric encryption algorithms are more complex and has the high computational burden. The symmetric encryption algorithms that are most commonly used are DES, 3DES, AES and RC4.

On the other hand, Diffie-Hellman and RSA area the most common algorithm used for asymmetric encryption. The asymmetric encryption is generally used for exchanging secret keys whereas, the symmetric encryption is used for exchanging a bulk of data.Conclusion:Being a complex and slow encryption technique the asymmetric encryption is generally used for exchanging the keys and the symmetric encryption being a faster technique is used for bulk data transmission.